@MastersThesis{Gonçalves:2017:EsBaRa,
author = "Gon{\c{c}}alves, Layrson de Jesus Menezes",
title = "Estudo do balan{\c{c}}o radiativo e energ{\'e}tico da atmosfera
em fun{\c{c}}{\~a}o da emiss{\~a}o natural e antr{\'o}pica de
CO2 utilizando o Modelo Atmosf{\'e}rico Global Brasileiro (BAM)",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2017",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2017-06-02",
keywords = "emiss{\~a}o de CO2, energ{\'e}tica da atmosfera, modelagem
global, CO2 emission, atmospheric energetic, global modeling.",
abstract = "Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo principal de estudar o impacto devido
{\`a}s emiss{\~o}es de di{\'o}xido de carbono (CO2) e do tipo
de modelo de vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o na estrutura din{\^a}mica e
termodin{\^a}mica e, consequentemente, nos balan{\c{c}}os de
radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o e energ{\'e}tico da atmosfera. Para a
realiza{\c{c}}{\~a}o do trabalho, primeiramente foi criado e
implementado no Modelo Atmosf{\'e}rico Global Brasileiro (BAM) um
banco de dados de emiss{\~a}o de CO\$_{2]\$ de origem natural e
antr{\'o}pico. Assim, foram realizadas 8 simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es
clim{\'a}ticas (1 controle e 7 experimentos) com
resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o horizontal de aproximadamente 200 km e 18
n{\'{\i}}veis na vertical no per{\'{\i}}odo de 1980 a 2010 (30
anos) que diferem em termos de concentra{\c{c}}{\~a}o de CO2
(aumento homog{\^e}neo de 4 vezes, somente emiss{\~a}o natural e
emiss{\~a}o natural e antr{\'o}pico) e tipo de
vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o (est{\'a}tica e din{\^a}mica). Para
verificar a consist{\^e}ncia do experimento controle, algumas
vari{\'a}veis (componentes do balan{\c{c}}o de
radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o, precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o,
circula{\c{c}}{\~a}o em 200 hPa e temperatura a 2 metros) foram
comparadas com dados de refer{\^e}ncia de rean{\'a}lises e
sat{\'e}lites. Na segunda etapa do trabalho, foi verificado o
impacto dos cen{\'a}rios de CO\$_{2}\$ e a
utiliza{\c{c}}{\~a}o do modelo de vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o
din{\^a}mica nas vari{\'a}veis citadas acima atrav{\'e}s da
avalia{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos experimentos em rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o
{\`a} simula{\c{c}}{\~a}o controle. Por fim, os campos
meteorol{\'o}gicos foram utilizados para calcular os termos de
energ{\'e}tica utilizando o Ciclo de Energia de Lorenz. De forma
geral, o experimento controle simulou as principais
caracter{\'{\i}}sticas clim{\'a}ticas globais, mostrando
consist{\^e}ncia quando comparado aos dados de refer{\^e}ncia,
por{\'e}m com algumas defici{\^e}ncias. Em termos de
radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o, o modelo mostrou que a atmosfera global
{\'e} mais transparente {\`a} radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o solar do que
os dados observacionais de sat{\'e}lite, e que as regi{\~o}es
polares apresentam baixo albedo da superf{\'{\i}}cie. Os
experimentos com aumento homog{\^e}neo (4xCO\$_{2}\$),
indicaram a redu{\c{c}}{\~a}o da energia potencial do estado
b{\'a}sico principalmente na regi{\~a}o tropical e no
hemisf{\'e}rio Norte. Isto se deve, principalmente, {\`a}
redu{\c{c}}{\~a}o da atividade convectiva nestas regi{\~o}es e
da precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o. Adicionalmente, verificou que devido
ao efeito estufa, a temperatura do ar em 2 metros aumentou
globalmente em torno de 0.5 K, sendo que nos continentes o aumento
atingiu valores de +4.0 K. Considerando vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o
est{\'a}tica, os experimentos com emiss{\~a}o natural e
antr{\'o}pico tiveram impactos pequenos comparados com os
resultados do experimento controle. Por{\'e}m, observa-se que a
emiss{\~a}o antr{\'o}pico tende a reduzir a
precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o em algumas regi{\~o}es pr{\'o}ximas ao
Equador, e diminuir a energia potencial dispon{\'{\i}}vel do
estado b{\'a}sico. O emprego da vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o
din{\^a}mica tem maior impacto nas simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es do
modelo, do que o uso apenas da emiss{\~a}o natural e
antr{\'o}pico. Isto se deve ao efeito da vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o
nos fluxos de umidade e calor. ABSTRACT: This research has the
main objective of studying the impact due to the emissions of
carbon dioxide (CO\$_{2}\$) and the type of vegetation model in
the dynamic and thermodynamic structure, and consequently in the
radiation and energetic balances of the atmosphere. To reach the
results obtained, a database of CO\$_{2}\$ emission data of
natural and anthropogenic origin was first created and implemented
in the Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model (BAM). Thus, 8 climate
simulations (1 control and 7 experiments) with horizontal
resolution of approximately 200 km and 18 vertical levels in the
period from 1980 to 2010 (30 years) that differ in terms of
CO\$_{2}\$ concentration (homogeneous increase of 4 times, only
natural emission and more anthropogenic natural emission) and type
of vegetation (static and dynamic). In order to verify the
consistency of the control experiment, some variables (components
of the radiation balance, precipitation, circulation at 200 hPa
and temperature at 2 meters) were compared with reference data of
reanalysis and satellites. In the second stage of the study, was
verified the impact of the CO2 scenarios and the use of the
dynamic vegetation model in the variables mentioned above through
the evaluation of the experiments in relation to the control
simulation. Finally, the meteorological fields were used to
calculate the energy terms using the Lorenz Energy Cycle. In
general, the control experiment simulated the main global climatic
characteristics, showing consistency when compared to reference
data, but with some deficiencies, in terms of radiation, the model
showed that the global atmosphere is more transparent to solar
radiation than the satellite observational data, and that the
polar regions have low surface albedo. The experiments with
homogeneous increase (4xCO2) indicated the reduction of the
available potential energy in basic state mainly in the tropical
region and in the Northern hemisphere. This is mainly due to the
reduction of convective activity in these regions. In addition, it
was verified that due to the greenhouse effect, the temperature of
the air in 2 meters increased globally around 0.5 K, in the
continents the increase reached values of +4.0 K. Considering
static vegetation, the experiments with natural and anthropogenic
emission had low impacts compared to the results of the control
experiment. However, it is observed that the anthropogenic
emission tends to reduce the precipitation in some regions near
the Equator, and reduce the available potential energy in basic
state. The use of dynamic vegetation has a greater impact on model
simulations than the use of natural and anthropogenic emission
alone. This is due to the effect of vegetation on the flows of
moisture and heat.",
committee = "Bonati, Jose Paulo (presidente) and Coelho, Simone Marilene
Sievert da Costa (orientadora) and Kubota, Paulo Yosio
(orientador) and Reyes Fernandez, Julio Pablo and Rocha, Edson
Jos{\'e} Paulino da",
englishtitle = "Study of the radiative and energetic balance of the atmosphere in
the function of the natural and anthropic CO2 emission using the
Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model (BAM)",
language = "pt",
pages = "180",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3NSSMJE",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3NSSMJE",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}